Olive pests and their integrated management in Egypt [electronic resource].

Includes refrence.

The origin of the olive tree is lost in time, coinciding and mingling with the expansion of the Mediterranean civilizations which for centuries governed the destiny of mankind and left their imprint on Western culture. According to theIOOC there are 789 million trees worldwide, 95 per cent of them in the Mediterranean region (IOOC 2001). Although greater than 125 arthropod species attack olive plants, the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major threat to olives worldwide.(3) In table olives, the larval damage is largely cosmetic but can also increase rot, and only minimal infestations are tolerated. Acceptable levels of damage in olives destined for oil production are higher (about 10%).(3) Less important pests attacking olives include Lepidoptera: olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard), jasmine moth, Palpita unionalis Hubner, olive pyralid moth, Euzophera pinguis Haworth, and leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L., Homoptera: black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), olive scale, Parlatoria oleae Colvee, and oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche), and Coleoptera: olive bark beetle, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bern, and twig cutter beetle, Rhynchites cribripennis (Desbrocher des Loges), as well as the olive thrips, Liothrips oleae Costa, and olive psylla, Euphyllura olivina Costa. The importance of these pests varies with location, climate, and the intended use of the olives.

Summary in Arabic.

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