New trend for Meloidogyne javanica management by Myrothecium verrucaria (Ditera) as promising biological agent [electronic resource].

Includes references.

Evaluation of DiTera a commercial formulation of Myrothecium verrucaria against Me/oidogyne javanica was examined in-vitro for mortality, greenhouse as well as field trials on tomato and grape using various rat~s and method of applications. Invitro test revealed a positive correlation between M.javanica J2 mortality and biocide compound rate and concentration at various exposure periods. Larval mortality significantly increased with the increase of rates and concentrations from 10 up to 30%, as well, whereas, a slightly inaease in M. javanica J2 mortalitywas insignificantly noticed according to the tested two temperatures. With respect to tomato greenhouse trial, all tested DiTera rates and type of applications obviously caused remar1<able increase in tomato growth CN. Castle Rock. Among:DiTera rates, treatment at 0.3 g 1 seedling ranked first in increasing percentage of fresh weight of the whole plant with values of 56.73,41.70 and 77.32% for the three type of applications Le. at planting, post planting and pre planting respectively. As the rates of DiTera increased from 0.1 up to 0.391 seedling, the percentage increase values of such plant growth parameter increased from 21.26 to 41.70%; 36.6 to 56.73%; and 57.5 to 77.32% for post planting, at planting and pre- planting application, respectively. Similar trend was noticed for suppressing nematode parameters, where the pre-planting application ranked first with values of 85.2, 89.2 and 94.1%, for the rate of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 gl seedling. respectively. Moreover, It is wor:!hy to note that there was a positive correlation between the rate of nemat~,build-up and DiTera compound rates, whereas this nematode criterion recorded to be tiie least value (0.26) by oxamyl treatment. Meanwhile, in tomato field trial, the rate of 0.3 gI tomato seedling significantly decreased the number of galls on tomato roots with reduction percentages of 85.8, 71.0 and 59.7% for the pre-, at- and post- planting applications, respectively. All tested DiTera rates along with application times reduced tested nematode parameters. Among the three application times. the pre-planting method of adding DiTera compound accomplished the highest reduction percentages of nematode population densities with values of 74.3, 82.2 and 85.2 for 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g Iplant respectively. Regarding grape greenhouse and field trials, all tested DiTera applications Le. 2 glplant 4 , 5, and 6 times at one week interval in both greenhouse and field trials obviously showed protection performance in grape plants cv. Thompson against nematode infestation of M. javsnica in terms of reduction percentages of tested nematode parameters on grape roots as well. Ukewise, as the addition of 2 gl plant raised from four up to six times at one week interval, nematode criteria significantly decreased. Plants receiving DiTera treatments six times accomplished the highest reduction percentages in nematode parameters followed by that of five times and then four times applications. Moreover, oxamyl treatment twice at one month interval surpassed all tested DiTera application in suppressing nematode popUlation. number of galls and eggmasses in both trials.

Summary in Arabic.

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