Using GIS tools and data for hydrological modelling in arid areas [electronic resource]: a literature review

Includes bibliographic reference

This study reviews a number of hydrological
modelling studies in arid areas, including
the use of spatial analysis in geographical
information systems (GIS) and remote sensing
(RS) packages. Specifically, it aims to review the
most important GIS tools and spatial data used in
modeling processes. We discuss the use of digital
elevation model data, land-use/cover data, soil
data, and rainfall data in terms of their impacts
on applications of hydrological modelling. The
review concentrates on commonly used tools, e.g.,
the soil and water assessment tool, the kinematic
runoff and erosion model, the identification of unit
hydrograph and component flows from rainfall,
the evaporation and stream flow model, and the
Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic
Modelling System. The runoff curve number
method is illustrated as an example of methods
that are utilized in GIS-based hydrological
models. Arid areas require more attention from
researchers in order to overcome the obstacles
to hydrological modelling identified in the study.
For example, they should consider new methods
for determining spatial rainfall and infiltration
from transient flows that come from flash floods.
Instead of using gauged data on arid areas, RS data
can be used for simulating events. Observational
data can also be improved by creating multiple
measurement stations in affected areas.

Keywords: Digital Elevation Model, Spatial
Information Technology, Hydrological
Modelling, Arid Areas, and SWAT

Summary in Arabic