Embryogenic callus induction of some sunflower (Helianthus Annuus, L.) genotypes under in vitro salt stress [electronic resource].

Includes references.

Response of three genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) to callus induction and embryogenic callus production under in vitro salinity conditions were studied. For callus induction, hypocotyls were subjected to in vitro culture on Murashige and Skooge (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg Naa + 0.3 mgBa /L. The aims of this study was design to evaluate salt tolerance of the sunflower genotypes, growing calli were exposed after two subsequent subcultures (4weeks each) to different concentrations of Nacl (0, 50,75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 mM/L) added to the culture medium for 4 weeks. Comparison of genotypes was based on callus induction percentage, embriogenic callus production percent and relative fresh weight growth (RFWG). The necrosis percentage and relative fresh weight growth of callus were studied to evaluate callus salinity tolerance. The responses of genotypes to callus induction were 78, 89 and 60% for Sakha 53, Giza 102 and Par- 1617-1 genotypes, respectively. The high percentage of embryogenic callus obtained for the three varieties indicated that sunflower genotypes have a high capacity for embryogenic callus production. Nacl effect resulted in calli necrosis and a reduction of their growth. However, growing calli derived from varieties Giza 102 and Par-1671-1 showed less percent of necrosis and less relative fresh weight growth reduction under salt stress up to 100 m M/L, but they appeared to be more salt tolerant in vitro than Sakha 53 , Par-1671-1 was the most salt tolerant under 125 and 150 mM/L Nacl. The study proved that callus growth and salinity tolerance were genotype independent.

Summary in Arabic.

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